This paper explores four major active learning methodologies—Experiential Learning, Participative Learning, Problem-Based Learning (PBL), and Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) and their application in science education across disciplines including Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, and Life Science. Each of these methodologies focuses on engaging students through hands-on activities, collaborative tasks, critical problem-solving, and independent exploration. By examining real-world classroom implementations, this paper illustrates how these pedagogical strategies overlap, enhancing conceptual understanding, critical thinking, and practical competencies. The interconnectedness of these methodologies is discussed, emphasizing their collective impact on fostering a holistic learning environment.